Convict Ship England (3) - 1835
Embarked 230 men
Voyage 112 days
Deaths 0
Surgeon's Journal: yes
Previous vessel: Mary arrived 6 September 1835
Next vessel: Backwell arrived 29 September 1835
Captain Thomas Bacon
Surgeon Obadiah Pineo
The England was built at Chepstow in 1814. This was the second voyage bringing convicts to New South Wales, the first being in 1826.
Some of the convicts were tried and convicted at the Old Bailey and imprisoned at Newgate before being sent to the hulks. Select here to find out what it may have been like to be imprisoned in Newgate in 1835.
Cabin Passengers
Cabin Passengers included D.A.C.G. Smith, Captain James Henry Crummer, Mrs Crummer and 3 children,Military Guard
Ensign Ewen and 29 rank and file of the 28th regt., 9 women and 7 children.Surgeon Obadiah Pineo
Obadiah Pineo R.N. kept a medical Journal from 12th May 1835 to 20 October 1835. Although he was a well experienced surgeon, this was his first appointment as surgeon superintendent on a convict ship.He embarked on the England on 1st June 1835 at Portsmouth. He noted that of the 230 male prisoners some had bodily infirmity such as contracted limbs, others with distorted limbs and three of them were over 60 years of age. Most however were young and had all the appearance of health.
The first case recorded in his journal was on the 1 June when Thomas Berriman, age 17, presented with a sprain of the wrist joint in consequence of it being suddenly bent backwards by another prisoner when getting into the vessel which brought them to the ship.
The following prisoners were treated by Obadiah Pineo while the ship still lay at Spithead.....Edward Johnstone age 18 was treated for an irregularity on the joint of his finger; Thomas Millington age 35 for chest pains and John Holgate for furunculi on his cheek on 3 June. On 4th June Charles Preston age 46 was treated for eruptions on the face and neck, James Sweeten was vaccinated in both arms. On 5th June Mark Grand age 20 was treated for Catarrhus and slight cough. Several other men were treated by the surgeon before the vessel set sail.[1]
Departure
They departed Portsmouth 8th June 1835The Voyage
There were no epidemic diseases during the voyage. The vaccine with which the surgeon was supplied did not succeed in a single instance. There were a great number of spontaneous cases of ptyalism (Excessive salivation)............About 40 cases directly after leaving England which I am unable to account for unless perhaps to the great change of diet, use of tobacco and strong excitement on leaving their native land, many of them forever. For all men however hardened must have experienced painful emotions on leaving their native land under such circumstances.
A few cases of scurvy took place, the latter part of the voyage of mild character. It appeared amongst the young prisoners and in the form of discoloured legs with some hardness and spongy bleeding gums.. With these port wine every day and lime juice with sugar and water were used freely..........
For the prevention of scurvy in these ships much appears to depend on the cleanliness and ventilation of the prisons which ought to be kept as dry as possible. The free use of chlorate of lime and also of vinegar throughout the whole of the prisoners as well as down the water closets daily are most favourable for the preservation of a pure air and doing away all unpleasant smells. Next to these is keeping the whole of the prisoners on deck whenever the weather will allow of it; and keeping them employed in some way or other not the least amongst all the probably means of securing good health is their full allowance of provisions and that provisions thoroughly cooked with a liberal allowance of wholesome water. Washing their clothes at proper seasons and bathing generally in the warm latitude will also greatly contribute to the preservation of good health and add much to comfort of each man. [1]
Port Jackson
The England arrived in Port Jackson on 28th September 1835.Convict Indents
The printed convict indents are arranged in alphabetical order by the place of conviction:Berkshire - 4 men convicted
Cambridgeshire - 9 men
Central Criminal Court - 64 men
Cornwall - 1 man
Devonshire - 4 men
Dorsetshire - 3 men
Essex - 9 men
Hereford - 1 man
Lancaster - 4 men
Middlesex - 12 men
Norfolk - 16 men
Northampton - 5 men
Oxford - 2 men
Somersetshire - 5 men
Southampton - 13 men
Staffordshire - 2 men
Suffolk - 9 men
Surrey - 17 men
Sussex - 13 men
Warwickshire - 13 men
Wiltshire - 14 men
Yorkshire - 3 men
Dominica - 1 man
Guernsey Royal Court - 2 men
Newfoundland - 1 man
Jamaica court-martial - 2 men
Devonport court-martial - 1 man
28th Regiment
Convict ships bringing detachments of the 28th regiment included Recovery, Marquis of Huntley, Charles Kerr, Westmoreland, Norfolk, Backwell, England, John Barry, Susan, Waterloo, Moffatt, Strathfieldsaye, Portsea and Lady McNaughtenSoldiers of the 28th regiment stationed in Newcastle and Maitland 1836-37
Private Edward Beech
Lieut. Robert Baumgartner
Private John Cahill
Sgt. Austin Canning
Vincent Chiodetti bandmaster
William Conoly
Major James Crummer
Daniel Edmonds
Private Bernard Farrell
Sgt. Patrick Flood
Private Henry Gunter
Sgt. Thomas Hassatt
Private John Hows
Private Michael Hughes
Private David Jones
Private William Keach
Private John Lee
John Lester
Sgt. Francis McKowen
Corporal Mallon
Private Patrick Miller
Sgt. William Moore
Corporal Lawrence Murray
John Smith
Private William Smith
Charles Hamilton Smith
Michael Tully
Thomas Walsham
Corporal Ezekiel Wells
Corporal Edward Welsh
John Warland - bugler
Private Peter White
William Woods
Notes and Links
1). Obadiah Pineo was also employed as surgeon on the convict shipsPyramus to NSW in 1836
Lord Lyndoch to NSW in 1838
2). Below is a list of Convicts of the England who have been identified in the Hunter Valley. Some were later assigned to settlers such as John Laurio Platt, William Ogilvie, Timothy Nowlan and Thomas Bartie.
Robert Adams
Joseph Allen
William Bartlett
Thomas Berryman
William Bird
Thomas Braughton
Matthew Bryan
Robert Bugden
John Coleman
Robert Daniels
William Davies
Thomas Ditnon
Richard Fryer
Samuel Furler
Timothy Grady
Thomas Hancock
William Harmer
Enoch Haven
Joseph Heale
John Hempson
Joseph Holden
John James (Joseph Woodfall)
William Jessup
Edward Johnson
Samuel Johnson
William Johnstone
John Jones
William Jones
William Kendall
Nicholas Lane
George Lavell
John Laws
Denis Leary
William Leffage
George Loman
James Lovelock
Joseph Malpas
John Manning
Thomas Manning
Robert May
Patrick McCormick
Samuel Morley
William Newman
Charles Niblet
William Parker
James Parkington
William Payne
John Shadbolt
George Smith
Phillip Smith
Thomas Smith
Thomas Sorrell
George Thomas
James Thompson
William Thorpe
Henry Wadey
Daniel Watson
James Webb
Joseph Willoughby
References
[1] Ancestry.com. UK, Royal Navy Medical Journals, 1817-1857 . Medical Journal of Obadiah Pineo on the voyage of the England in 1835. The National Archives. Kew, Richmond, Surrey.[2] Bateson, Charles Library of Australian History (1983). The convict ships, 1787-1868 (Australian ed). Library of Australian History, Sydney : pp.352-353, 389
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